Tooth Loss Is Not Inevitable in Old Age!
Tooth Loss Is Not Inevitable in Old Age!
Aging is the sum of irreversible functional and structural changes that occur over time in all systems of the body. It is very difficult to define a specific age for the onset of old age, as it may vary depending on society, the individual, and the time period. Old age has psychological, physiological, and social dimensions.
Although oral and dental problems observed in old age differ from person to person, some changes are commonly seen as age advances. As dentists, our primary goal is to preserve natural and healthy teeth throughout a person’s lifetime. Healthy teeth and a proper bite enable us to chew food effectively, enjoy its taste, pronounce sounds and letters correctly while speaking, and feel confident aesthetically.
Unfortunately, when we think of “teeth” in old age, what often comes to mind are complete dentures that make clicking sounds while eating and are placed in a glass of water at night. However, complete dentures are not an inevitable part of aging. There are individuals aged 80 or even 90 who still use their own natural teeth and do not require full dentures. For this reason, oral and dental care – starting in the womb, continuing after birth- and lasting a lifetime – is extremely important.
Oral and dental health begins with the first primary teeth and continues throughout life with regular dental check-ups, early treatment of existing problems before they worsen, prompt replacement of missing teeth, and proper oral care.
In the elderly, nutrition significantly affects general health; therefore, oral and dental health must be given particular importance. With aging, teeth often appear darker and more worn. The degree of wear may be minimal or, in some cases, extensive enough to involve a large portion of the tooth. Due to medications commonly used by elderly individuals, a reduction in saliva flow and dry mouth are frequently observed. Saliva plays crucial role in cleansing the oral cavity, remineralizing teeth, aiding digestion, maintaining moisture, and preserving microbial balance.
Most oral diseases seen in advanced age are caused by microbial plaque. Among these, dental caries and periodontal diseases are the most prevalent. Contributing factors include a preference for soft foods, reduced effectiveness of tooth brushing compared to younger individuals, and increased plaque-retentive areas on teeth due to gum recession.
Additionally, systemic diseases such as diabetes, which are more common with advancing age, can further increase periodontal problems. For elderly individuals who have difficulty brushing effectively, electric toothbrushes may be recommended, along with oral irrigators, mouthwashes, and regular dental check-ups. For those suffering from dry mouth, sugar-free chewing gum, saliva-substituting agents, and frequent rinsing with water may be advised. In complete denture wearers, bone resorption may cause denture instability and sore spot on the oral mucosa. If genera health and jawbone conditions allow, implants may be recommended to provide better stability for uncomfortable dentures.
For elderly patients who experience mobility limitations or difficulty visiting a dentist – such as those living at home or in nursing facilities – home dental care services, education on oral and dental health, scheduling appointments at suitable times, and individualized treatment planning are of great importance. Old age is not a disease, but a special phase of life.
Every step we take today to care for our oral and dental health will return to us in later years as better nutrition, improved taste perception, and clearer speech.
